Observations of the electric fields that accelerate auroral particles     

M. Temerin  F. S. Mozer 《Journal of Earth System Science》1984,93(3):227-245

Electric fields accelerate electrons and ions in the auroral zone at altitudes below 8000 km to produce several distinctive particle distributions. The electric field of electrostatic shocks and double layers produces the inverted-V precipitating electron and up-flowing ion beams. Electrostatic ion cyclotron waves heat ion beams. The electric field in low frequency plasma waves and electrostatic shocks produces ion conics and field-aligned or counterstreaming electrons. Relationships between electric fields and particle distributions are illustrated with data from the S3-3 satellite.  相似文献   

攀西地区地壳和上地幔中的电性结构   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

孔祥儒  刘士杰  窦秦川  张建军  苏先英  李宗舜  周成炳 《地球物理学报》1987,30(2):136-143

攀西地区大地电磁测深结果表明,这一地区可划分为三个条带:丽江至华坪、华坪至会理和会理至巧家。三个条带内电性结构有明显差异,反映出本地区地质构造十分复杂。测区内沉积层厚度为3-5km,其电阻率小于30Ωm。在地壳中约33km深处有一低阻层,厚度为5-12km。在红格和华坪两测点之下,深度为82-90km处出现第二个低阻层,它们指示出软流层顶部埋深。  相似文献   

The upper mantle conductivity analysis method using observatory records of the geomagnetic field     

Wallace H. Campbell 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1987,125(2-3):427-457

The electrical conductivity of the Earth's upper mantle can be inferred from geomagnetic quiet-day,Sq, variations recorded at the world's observatories using the, coefficients of a spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) that separate the external (source) and internal (induced) parts of the surface field. The conductivity profile determined from such an analysis can be sensitive to special characteristics of the quiet field itself as well as the separation techniques employed. This review of the Sq-analysis features critical to a conductivity derivation is pictorially presented along with the equations for application of theSchmucker (1970) technique to theSHA coefficients for a conductivity determination. Three examples illustrate the use of these equations with differentSq models.  相似文献   

西北地区东部汛期降水季节内分布特征分析     

杨金虎  靳荣  刘晓云  张小明  李文举  尚军林 《干旱区地理》2017,40(5):942-950

基于西北地区东部1961-2015年54个台站汛期（5~9月）逐日降水资料,通过表征时间分配特征的参数-降水集中度和集中期,对西北地区东部5~9月逐旬降水的季节内非均匀性分布特征进行分析,结果表明：西北地区东部5~9月降水集中度和集中期的平均空间分布存在明显差异,从集中度来看,其东北部降水较集中,西南部较分散,而集中期主要在7月中旬到8月上旬,相比较甘肃陇东地区集中期较晚;从降水集中度与集中期的异常特征来看,第一模态均表现为全区一致性,第二模态均表现西北和东南反向变化特征,而集中度第三模态表现为东北和西南反向变化特征,集中期第三模态表现为东西反向变化特征;从降水集中度与集中期的变化趋势来看,近50 a来降水集中度越来越小,而降水集中期越来越早;另外从汛期降水量同同期降水集中度与集中期的关系来看,其与两者均存在正相关,其中集中度与降水的显著相关区在内蒙古西部以及陕西和宁夏北部,而集中期与降水的显著相关区在陕西和甘肃南部。另外利用前期大气环流指数对降水集中度和集中期建立的预报模型具有一定的预测能力,从而为西北东部汛期降水的季节内非均匀性分布特征的短期气候预测提供参考依据。  相似文献   

IP 测深曲线一维快速反演在找矿预测中的应用     

吴英隆  阮百尧  陈康  陈忠献 《矿产与地质》1999,13(2):106-111

一维快速反演的显著特点,是依据ρ＊ｓ和ρｓ在第ｉ个极距γｉ处的梯度,快速计算出体积极化地质体的实际埋深以及所对应的实际η和实际ρ值。通过广西博白东桃、望海嶂铅锌矿区和兴安杨梅铅锌矿区的电阻率／ＩＰ测深剖面资料的一维快速反演处理,结合矿区地质规律,进行找矿预测。对发现的异常经钻探验证,证实ＩＰ测深曲线一维反演技术方法可行,效果明显。  相似文献   

低温对玉米幼苗生理反应的影响   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

高素华  张国民 《应用气象学报》1999,10(2):238-242

将玉米晚熟品种吉单159三叶期幼苗进行6 ℃、10 ℃低温处理3天、6天,发现幼苗脯氨酸含量明显增加,电导率提高,可溶性蛋白含量随着低温处理时间的延长先增加后减少,叶绿素SPAD值减少,光合速率下降。  相似文献   

AGCM中云的不均匀性作用的初步研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

张凤 《气候与环境研究》2005,10(3):574-587

利用ISCCP的云不均匀性资料,探讨了云不均匀性在AGCM中的作用,分别考查了不均匀云光学厚度的贡献、单次散射反照率和不对称因子的贡献,以及3个因子的总贡献.研究表明,考虑云不均匀性效应后,AGCM模拟的气候场有着较为明显的变化.由于不均匀云光学厚度对短波辐射场的贡献与不均匀云单次散射反照率和不对称因子这两个因子对短波辐射场的作用基本上是相反的,从而造成同时考虑3个因子作用时,云的不均匀性效应对辐射场的直接作用很小,但可通过云水场的改变来间接影响辐射场.研究清楚地显示了云-辐射相互作用的复杂性,云的全面正确处理对模式模拟能力的提高非常重要.    相似文献   

两种物探在兰坪县松子园铜矿勘查中的应用     

姜永果  郑义舟  王艳  徐恒  刘文佳 《云南地质》2020,(1):125-129

采用大功率激电测量与大地电磁法(EH-4)相结合,对云南兰坪县松子园铜矿开展地质物探综合剖面测量,并将剖面中的地质体分布特征与物探异常特征进行对比研究,就松子园矿区而言,大功率激电测量能有效反映出铜矿化的存在,并且能大致推测矿化体规模和埋深情况;而本矿区丰富的地下水对EH-4测量找矿效果的影响很大,其结果很难区分是矿致异常还是非矿异常。  相似文献   

Electrical triggering of earthquakes: results of laboratory experiments at spring-block models          下载免费PDF全文

Victor A. Novikov  Vladimir I. Okunev  Vadim N. Klyuchkin  Jing Liu  Yuri Ya. Ruzhin  Xuhui Shen 《地震科学（英文版）》2017,30(4):167-172

Recently published results of field and laboratory experiments on the seismic/acoustic response to injection of direct current(DC) pulses into the Earth crust or stressed rock samples raised a question on a possibility of electrical earthquake triggering. A physical mechanism of the considered phenomenon is not clear yet in view of the very low current density(10~(-7)–10~(-8) A/m~2) generated by the pulsed power systems at the epicenter depth(5–10 km) of local earthquakes occurred just after the current injection. The paper describes results of laboratory‘‘earthquake' triggering by DC pulses under conditions of a spring-block model simulated the seismogenic fault. It is experimentally shown that the electric triggering of the laboratory ‘‘earthquake'(sharp slip of a movable block of the spring-block system) is possible only within a range of subcritical state of the system, when the shear stress between the movable and fixed blocks obtains 0.98–0.99 of its critical value. The threshold of electric triggering action is about 20 A/m~2 that is 7–8 orders of magnitude higher than estimated electric current density for Bishkek test site(Northern Tien Shan, Kirghizia) where the seismic response to the man-made electric action was observed. In this connection, the electric triggering phenomena may be explained by contraction of electric current in the narrow conductive areas of the faults and the corresponding increase in current density or by involving the secondary triggering mechanisms like electromagnetic stimulation of conductive fluid migration into the fault area resulted in decrease in the fault strength properties.  相似文献   

Identifying the occurrence time of an impending major earthquake: a review          下载免费PDF全文

Panayiotis A. Varotsos  Nicholas V. Sarlis  Efthimios S. Skordas 《地震科学（英文版）》2017,30(4):209-218

The procedure through which the occurrence time of an impending major earthquake can be determined is reviewed in the light of the recent advances. This can be achieved by analyzing in natural time the seismicity in the candidate area. To apply this general procedure, we need two important elements: first, to know when we should start the analysis, i.e., set the natural time equal to zero. This is the time at which the system enters the critical stage. Second a reliable estimation of the candidate epicentral area. If geoelectrical measurements are taken and the VAN method (after the initials of the three researchers Varotsos, Alexopoulos and Nomicos) is applied, both these elements become available upon the recording of a precursory Seismic Electric Signals (SES) activity, because its initiation marks the time when the system enters the critical stage, and in addition the SES data enable the determination of the epicentral area of the impending mainshock. On the other hand, if geoelectrical data are lacking, we make use of the following two recent findings by means of natural time analysis: First, the fluctuations of the order parameter of seismicity in a large area exhibit a minimum a few months before a major earthquake almost simultaneously with the initiation of an SES activity. Second, a spatiotemporal study of this minimum unveils an estimate of the epicentral area of the impending major earthquake. Two examples are given that refer to the strongest earthquakes that occurred in Greece and Japan during the last 3 decades, i.e., the M _W6.9 earthquake in southwestern Greece on 14 February 2008 and the M _W9.0 Tohoku earthquake in Japan on 11 March 2011.  相似文献